It was a foreign occupation of China in all but name. Teaty of Nanjing singed after the the Opium War between Britain and China. The Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) was a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–1842) between the United Kingdom and China on 29 August 1842. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Since the Treaty of Nanking was brief and with only general stipulations, the British and Chinese representatives agreed that a supplementary treaty be concluded in order to work out more detailed regulations for relations. The immediate issue was Chinese official seizure of opium stocks at Canton to stop the banned opium trade, and threatening the death penalty for future offenders. Under the Treaty of Nanking, signed on August 29, 1842, China agreed to open the five ports requested (Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, and Shanghai), pay an indemnity of 20 million silver dollars, abolish the Cohong monopoly that hitherto had controlled trade in and through Canton, and adhere to a fixed schedule of customs duties. The British government insisted on the principles of free trade, equal diplomatic recognition among nations, and ba… Britain was the pre-mier trading power in China in the nineteenth century, and the treaty Done at Nanking and Signed and Sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on board Her Britannic Majesty's ship Cornwallis, this twenty-ninth day of August, 1842, corresponding with the Chinese date, twenty-fourth day of the seventh month in the twenty-second Year of TAOU KWANG. Although the American treaty of 1844 explicitl… Merchants and others not holding official situations and, therefore, not included in the above, on both sides, to use the term " Representation " [chinese characters] in all Papers addressed to, or intended for the notice of the respective Governments. Hong Kong became a British colony: 1856: Chinese seizure of British Vessel “The Arrow” in suspect of piracy: 1858 The Government of China having compelled the British Merchants trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese Merchants called Hong Merchants (or Cohong) who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all Ports where British Merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please, and His Imperial Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of Three Millions of Dollars, on acoount of Debts due to British Subjects by some of the said Hong Merchants (or Cohong), who have become insolvent, and who owe very large sums of money to Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty. That is:NTwo Millions on or before the 30th of June, and Two Millions on or before the 31 st of December; and it is further stipulated, that Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. Pointe, October 4th 1842, setting forth the names of claimants, and their proportion of allowance of the seventy-five thousand dollars provided in the fourth article of the aforesaid treaty, for the full satisfaction of their debts, as follows: * The preamble mentions two Chinese negotiators only, KEYING and ELEPOO. August 29, 1842: Treaty of Nanjing: Treaty between Great Britain and China that ends the First Opium War. All rights reserved. By Michelle Luk Background to the treaty In the aftermath of the first Opium War, the British and the Chinese signed the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 as peace settlement. See Article History. Whereas a Treaty between Us and Our Good Brother The Emperor of China, was concluded and signed, in the English and Chinese Languages, on board Our Ship the Cornwallis, at Nanking, on the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-two, by the Plenipotentiaries of Us and of Our said Good Brother, duly and respectively authorized for that purpose; which Treaty is hereunto annexed in Original. The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Six Millions of Dollars as the value of Opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of March 1839, as a Ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty's Superintendent and Subjects, who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese High Officers. Nevertheless, the treaties of 1842–43 left several unsettled issues. In China, the citizens of Great Britain, the United States, France and later Japan had extraterritoriality under the unequal treaties. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The treaty was supplemented in 1843 by the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue, which allowed British citizens to be tried in British courts and granted Britain any rights in China that China might grant to other countries. In 1841, China ceded the island to the British with the signing of the Convention of Chuenpi, and in 1842 the Treaty of Nanking was signed, formally ending the … China also ceded Hong Kong to Great Britain. Updates? China paid the British an indemnity, ceded the territory of Hong Kong, and agreed to establish a “fair and reasonable” tariff. At one time nearly every major city in China had such a community. The First Opium War began in 1839 after China cracked down on the illegal drug trade headed by British merchants in Guangzhou. VICTORIA, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc., etc., etc. The Signing of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. (Ratifications exchanged at Hongkong, 26th June 1843.). The Opium Wars were two wars which were waged between the Qing dynasty and Western powers in the mid-19th century. On the tariff value of such goods. The Emperor of China agrees to release unconditionally all Subjects of leer Britannic Majesty (whether Natives of Europe or India) who may be in confinement at this moment, in any part of the Chinese Empire.

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