Heraclius II (ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 [according to C. Toumanoff ] – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. Agha Mohammad launched his second campaign to punish the Georgians for their alliance with Russia. The last Georgian monarchs, Heraclius II and George XII, had their regalia invested, respectively in 1783 and 1798, from the Russian tsars, their official protectors, who, subsequently, appropriated the items following Russia's annexation of Georgia in 1801. Heraclius II was married three times; first, he married Princess Ketevan née Orbeliani in 1738 or Princess Ketevan née Mkheidze in 1740. In the contemporary … Became king of Kakhetia in 1744 and of the Kartlian-Kakhetian Kingdom (Eastern Georgia) in 1762. However, his assassination in 1797 spared Kartli-Kakheti more devastation. Karim Khan's death in 1779 temporarily relieved Heraclius of these dangers, as Persia again became engulfed in chaos.[2]. Mohammad Khan Qajar, who had managed to bring most of central Iranian plateau under his firm control by 1794, was inclined to revive the Persian Empire with the Caucasus again as its part. From being granted the kingship of Kakheti by his overlord Nader Shah in 1744 as a reward for his loyalty,[4] to becoming the penultimate king of the united kingdoms of Kakheti and Kartli in eastern Georgia, his reign is regarded as the swan song of the Georgian monarchy. Georgian Crown Jewels Last updated April 03, 2019. Early life. [10] After these particular events, Heraclius could largely afford to ignore the changing situation to the south of the Aras River. var mpn_wi={userId:11760,siteId:102021,widgetId:103930,widgetType:0};if(void 0===mpn_ref)var mpn_ref=[mpn_wi];else mpn_ref.push(mpn_wi);var mpn_sid=document.getElementById('monadplugscript');if(!mpn_sid){var mpn_dt=new Date,mpn_ns=document.createElement('script');mpn_ns.id='monadplugscript',mpn_ns.type='text/javascript',mpn_ns.defer=!0,mpn_ns.src='//cdn.monadplug.com/format/native/js/hood.js?v='+mpn_dt.getYear()+mpn_dt.getMonth()+mpn_dt.getUTCDate()+mpn_dt.getUTCHours();var pmn_os=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];pmn_os.parentNode.insertBefore(mpn_ns,pmn_os)}, Whales trapped in ice in northern Alaska discovered – 1988, Russian imperial couple who toured Europe incognito (1776). Shortly after his death, the Russians absorbed Georgia into their own empire, and the Georgians lost their independence for a long time. His childhood and early teens coincided with the occupation of Kakheti by the Ottomans from 1732 until 1735, when they were ousted from Georgia by Nader Shah of Iran, in his two successive campaigns of 1734 and 1735, by which the latter quickly reestablished Persian rule over Georgia. [2], Around the same time, it had become apparent that Mashhad, a minor Afsharid remnant, was no longer functioning as the seat of the Iranian government. The region of Abkhazia declared independence in 1999. 108 relations. At the same time, he encouraged peasant-vassals to supply the military force necessary to overcome the aristocracy's resistance and protect the country from incessant marauding assaults from Dagestan known to Georgians as Lekianoba. Heraclius's primary objective in internal policy was to further centralize the government through reducing the powers of the aristocracy. Monument to Heraclius II: Impressive statue - See 22 traveler reviews, 20 candid photos, and great deals for Telavi, Georgia, at Tripadvisor. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. Levan or Leon (Georgian language: ლევანი, ლეონი ) (2 February 1756 – 5 February 1781) was a Georgian prince (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty, born to King Heraclius II and Queen Darejan Dadiani. To preserve the country from external attack, Heraclius II finally decided to place himself under the protection of the Russians, who were, at that time, spreading their empire to the Caucasus region. After the valiant defense of Tbilisi at the Battle of Krtsanisi, in which the king participated personally in the advance guard, Heraclius's small army of 5000 men was almost completely annihilated and Tbilisi completely sacked. Despite being abandoned at the critical moment, he still had to rely on belated Russian support and fought, in 1796, alongside the Russian expeditionary forces sent by Catherine into the Persian territories. Teimuraz sided with the Persians and was installed as a Persian vali (governor) in Kakheti, while Kilij Ali-Khan (Khanjal) was made that of neighboring Kartli. His career flourished in the 1770s, when he was an ambassador to the Russian Empire and then an army commander. Alexander was the son of the penultimate king of eastern Georgia, Heraclius II, who entrusted him various military and administrative tasks. [12], While maintaining certain Persian-type pomp at his court, he launched an ambitious program of "Europeanization" which was supported by the Georgian intellectual élites, but was not overwhelmingly successful because Georgia remained physically isolated from Europe and had to expend all available resources on defending its precarious independence. Tbilisi Open Air Museum of Ethnography Admission Ticket. In the contemporary Persian sources he is referred to as Erekli Khan, while Russians knew him as Irakly. The Penultimate ruler of the Kingdom of Georgia. Overwhelmed by the internal and external menaces to Georgia's precarious independence and its temporary hegemony in eastern Transcaucasia, he placed his kingdom under the formal Russian protection in 1783, but the move did not prevent Georgia from being devastated by the Persian invasion in 1795. Toggle navigation. — January 11, 1798) was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi Dynasty, reigning as the […] In the Odishi village (Zugdidi district) a hoard of 13 silver coins was found. His name was Erekle II in Georgian (in Russian Irakly II, and in Latin Heraclius II, which are all different versions of the same name, Heraclius). By the time of birth Heraclius II was about the same age as Mozart’s father, Leopold, and only a few years older than … Erekle II Born Nov. 7 (18), 1720, in Telavi; died there Jan. 11 (22), 1798. The work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason: Heraclius II (Georgian: ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian (Georgian: პატარა კახი [pʼɑtʼɑrɑ kʼɑxi]) (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 [according to C. Toumanoff] – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. English: Erekle II (1720-1798) was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi Dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. They had two children: In 1750, Heraclius married thirdly Darejan née Dadiani (Daria; b. However, Heraclius II managed to carve out de facto independence and reign as king over a relatively large part of Georgian territory. Helmut Lent – night pilot with more than 100 downed aircraft – 1944. Born in Telavi, the center of Kakheti region of Georgia, Heraclius was a son of Teimuraz II of Kakheti and his wife Tamar, daughter of Vakhtang VI of Kartli. However, during the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792), a Tbilisi-based small Russian force evacuated Georgia, leaving Heraclius to face new dangers from Persia alone. His style of governing resembled that of contemporary enlightened despots in Central Europe. From 1737 to 1739, Heraclius commanded a Georgian auxiliary force during Nader's expedition in India and gained a reputation of an able military commander. He strove to enlist the support of European powers and to attract Western scientists and technicians to give his country the benefit of the latest military and industrial techniques. More info. Born in Telavi, the center of Kakheti region of Georgia, Heraclius was a son Teimuraz II of Kakheti and his wife Tamar, daughter of Vakhtang VI of Kartli. Just to mention, Stalin (a Georgian by birth, with the surname Dzhugashvili) was born a hundred years later in the same general area where Heraclius II ruled. [10] In 1752, the Georgian kings sent a mission to Russia to request 3,000 Russian troops or a subsidy to enable them to hire Circassian mercenaries in order to invade Persia and install a pro-Russian government there. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Monument of Erekle II in Telavi. The Persian invasion delivered a hard blow to Georgia from which it was not able to recover. This city was also the capital of Heraclius II (in Russian, Tbilisi was once called Tiflis). Georgia considers both regions as occupied by Russia. In the contemporary Persian sources he is referred to as Erekli Khan (ارکلی خان), while Russians knew him as Irakly (Ираклий). In the Treaty of Georgievsk of 1783, Heraclius finally obtained the guarantees he had sought from Russia, transforming Georgia into a Russian protectorate, as Heraclius formally repudiated all legal ties to Persia and placed his foreign policy under the Russian supervision. But her death that year brought an abrupt change of policy in the Caucasus, and her successor Paul I again withdrew all Russian troops from the region. Georgians were Christians, and these two great powers alternately occupied their territories. Quick View. Encyclopædia Iranica Online edition – Iranica.com. The Georgian Crown Jewels were the regalia and vestments worn by the monarchs of Georgia during the coronation ceremony and at other state functions. In 1790 Heraclius concluded the Treaty of the Iberians with western Georgian polities. Georgian king, statesman, and general. Thamar (b. Teimuraz and Heraclius took advantage of the ensuing political instability in Persia to assert their independence and expelled Persian garrisons from all key positions in Georgia, including Tbilisi. Heraclius refused, and in September 1795, the Persian army of 35,000 moved into Georgia. Heraclius died in 1798 still convinced that only Russian protection could ensure the continued existence of his country. While becoming a witness of the fearful devastation of his capital and slaughter of its civilians, king Heraclius, who did not want to leave the battlefield and the city was spirited away by the last of his bodyguards and a few family members. Heraclius died in 1798, leaving the throne to his moribund heir, George XII. They had nineteen children: Burke's Royal Families of the World, Volume II, "Complete Genealogy of the Bagration House", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heraclius_II_of_Georgia&oldid=1009103314, 18th-century people from Georgia (country), Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, People of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), Articles needing translation from Russian Wikipedia, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Georgian-language text, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Of these royal jewels—a crown, sword, and scepter—only the latter staff survives, in the collection of the Kremlin … [10], In foreign policy, Heraclius was primarily focused on seeking a reliable protector that would guarantee Georgia's survival. [citation needed] Nonetheless, Teimuraz and Heraclius remained loyal to the shah, partly in order to prevent the comeback of the rival Mukhrani branch, whose fall early in the 1720s had opened the way to Teimuraz's accession in Kartli. Heraclius II (Georgian: ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian (Georgian: პატარა კახი [p'at'ara kaxi ]) (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 [according to C. Toumanoff ] – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. Heraclius II, also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian, was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. He bore the title of king of two kingdoms – Kartli and Kakheti – which lay in the area around present-day Georgian capital of Tbilisi. His name was Erekle II in Georgian (in Russian Irakly II, and in Latin Heraclius II, which are all different versions of the same name, Heraclius). His participation in the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) did not lead to an anticipated reconquest of the Ottoman-held southern Georgian lands, for the Russian commanders in Georgia behaved in a highly condescending, often treacherous way,[11] and Empress Catherine II treated the Caucasus front as merely a secondary theater of military operations. These in turn are divided into 67 districts and 12 self-governing cities. The last great Georgian king died on this day in 1798. In 1783, the Russian expansion southward into the Crimea brought the Caucasus into Catherine II's area of interest. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. [2], Erekle II's "curiously ambivalent position" in these decades is reflected in the coins issued by him in his realm. 11 July 1749 – d. Tbilisi, 4 August 1786), married in 1762 Prince. PHOTO: M107 175 mm Self-Propelled Gun in Vietnam. Born in Telavi, the center of Kakhetiregion of Georgia, Heraclius was a son of Teimuraz II of Kakhetiand his wife Tamar, daughter of Vakhtang VI of Kartli. The embassy failed to yield any results, however, for the Russian court was preoccupied with European affairs. First of the eight Georgian documentary series on the legendary reign of Heraclius II of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. Ekaterina (1774–1818), married in 1793 Prince Giorgi Irubakidzé-Cholokashvili. [9] He then served as a lieutenant to his father and assumed the regency when Teimuraz was briefly summoned for consultations in the Persian capital of Isfahan in 1744. Heraclius II of Georgia : biography November 7, 1720 – January 11, 1798 Heraclius II ( Erekle) (November 7, 1720, or October 7, 1721 [according to C. ToumanoffHitchins, Keith. [7][8] However, many Georgian nobles refused to accept the new regime and rose in rebellion in response to heavy tribute levied by Nader upon the Georgian provinces. However, Heraclius’s decision did not show itself as a good one. Retrieved on April 21, 2007.] Download skin now! English: Heraclius II of Eastern Georgia (r. 1720-1798) Sanasi: Late 1700s: Manba: burusi.wordpress.com: Muallif: Unknown author: Other versions: Litsenziyalash. In close cooperation with each other, they managed to prevent a new revolt by the Mukhranian supporters fomented by Ebrahim Khan, brother of Adel Shah, in 1748. ... Monument to King Heraclius II located in the very heart of the city, in main street of Telavi. [13][14] According to a relatively recently established version, Princess Orbeliani was repudiated by Heraclius before the marriage actually took place. Heraclius II (Georgian: ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian (Georgian: პატარა კახი [pʼɑtʼɑrɑ kʼɑxi]) (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 [according to C. Toumanoff] – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. OpenLink Faceted Browser; OpenLink Structured Data Editor This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian . Born in Telavi, the center of Kakheti region of Georgia, Heraclius was a son of Teimuraz II of Kakheti and his wife Tamar, daughter of Vakhtang VI of Kartli. The Russians seemed a more favourable solution than the Ottomans and Persians, if only by being Orthodox Christians like the Georgians. Georgia is divided into 9 regions, 1 city, and 2 autonomous republics. He chose Russia not only because it was Orthodox Christian, but in Lang's[11] account also because it would serve as a link to Europe, which he thought a model for Georgia's development as a modern nation. $3.50 per adult. In 1795, after a swift reconquest of much of southeastern Caucasus, he demanded that Heraclius reacknowledged Persian suzerainty, promising in return to confirm him as vali. [12] Silver coins were struck with the name of Ismail III on it, or with the Zand-style inscription ya karim ("O Gracious One"), whereby an epithet to God was invoked, which actually referred to Karim Khan Zand. On campaign, he would sit up at night watching for the enemy, while in time of peace, he spent his life in transacting business of state or in religious exercise, and devoted but a few hours to sleep."[11]. For this purpose, he attempted to create a governing élite composed of his own agents to replace the self-minded aristocratic lords in local affairs. In the words of the British historian David Marshall Lang, "his vigilance in the care of his people knew no bounds. [2], Yet, both Georgian kingdoms remained under heavy Persian tribute until Nader was assassinated in 1747. [6] In 1762-1763, during Karim Khan Zand's campaigns in Azerbaijan, Erekle II tendered his de jure submission to him and received his investiture as vali ("governor", "viceroy") of Gorjestan (Georgia), the traditional Safavid office, which by this time however had become an "empty honorific". Yet, Heraclius's initial cooperation with Russia proved disappointing. Heraclius II (ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian (პატარა კახი) (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. [10] In 1762, Teimuraz II died while on a diplomatic mission to the court of St. Petersburg, and Heraclius succeeded him as King of Kartli, thus uniting eastern Georgia politically for the first time in three centuries. In the meantime, Heraclius defeated a coup attempt by the rival Georgian prince Abdullah Beg of the Mukhrani dynasty and helped Teimuraz suppress the aristocratic opposition to the Persian hegemony led by Givi Amilakhvari. [12] These coins were minted in Tbilisi up until 1799 – some twenty years after Karim Khan Zand's death. Still, Heraclius continued to seek firmer alliance with Russia, his immediate motivation being the Persian ruler Karim Khan's attempts to bring Georgia back into the Persian sphere of influence. His childhood and early teens coincided with the occupation of Kakheti by the Ottomans from 1732 until 1735, when they were ousted from Georgia by Nader Shah of Iran, in his two successive campaigns of 1734 and 1735, by which the latter quickly reestablished Persian rule over Georgia. After the death of Heraclius in 1798, he opposed the accession of his half-brother, King George XII, and the new king's pro-Russian policy. Heraclius II of Georgia : biography November 7, 1720 – January 11, 1798 Early years and reign in Kakheti monument of Heraclius II in [[Telavi]] Born in Telavi, the center of Kakheti region of Georgia, Heraclius was a son Teimuraz II of Kakheti and his wife Tamar, daughter of Vakhtang VI … Teimuraz sided with the Persians and was installed as a Persian vali(governor) in Ka… As a reward, Nader granted the kingship of Kartli to Teimuraz and of Kakheti to Heraclius in 1744,[4] and also arranged the marriage of his nephew Ali-Qoli Khan, who eventually would succeed him as Adil Shah, to Teimuraz's daughter Kethevan. Their classification is as follows: Tiberius II – 1, Maurice Tiberius – 1, Phocas (602-610) – 107, Heraclius (610-641) – 14. [12] By minting the silver coins with a reference to Karim Khan Zand on it they were usable for trade in Iran, whereas the copper coins, struck for only local use, reflected Erekle II's political orientation towards Russia. This page was last edited on 26 February 2021, at 18:58. ... (2) Liebster Blog Award; Inspiring Blog; ABC Award (3) Blog on Fire Award (2) ... the Alazani Valley and facing the Greater Caucasus Mountains, the town of Signagi (Georgian: სიღნაღი), in Georgia’s easternmost region of Kakheti, is a popular destination for tourists. The Georgian Crown Jewels were the regalia and vestments worn by the monarchs of Georgia during the coronation ceremony and at other state functions. 3. Iulon was a son of Heraclius II of his third marriage to Darejan (Daria) née Dadiani, born at the royal castle of Telavi in 1760. Aided by his personal abilities and the unrest in the Persian Empire, Heraclius established himself as a de facto autonomous ruler, unified eastern Georgia politically for the first time in three centuries, and attempted to modernize the government, economics, and military. $560.00 per adult. He was succeeded by his weak and sickly son, George XII, after whose death Tsar Paul I annexed, in 1801, Kartli-Kakheti to Russia, terminating both Georgia's independence and a millennium-long rule of the Bagrationi Dynasty. His name is frequently transliterated in a Latinized form Heraclius because both names Erekle and Irakli are Georgian versions of this Greek name.[3]. [5] Aided by his personal abilities and the unrest in the Persian Empire, Heraclius established himself as a de facto autonomous ruler, unified eastern Georgia politically for the first time in three centuries,[6] and attempted to modernize the government, economics, and military. Heraclius II of Georgia Monarch Desc: Heraclius II, also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian, was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. Their classifications is as follows: Maurice Tiberius – 2, Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine – 11. Heraclius II (Georgian: ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian [1] (Georgian: პატარა კახი [p'at'ara kaxi]) (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 [according to C. Toumanoff [2]] – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. In 1749, he occupied Yerevan, and in June 1751, Heraclius defeated a large army commanded by a pretender to the Persian throne and his former ally, Azat-Khan in the Battle of Kirkhbulakh. By the time of birth Heraclius II was about the same age as Mozart’s father, Leopold, and only a few years older than Giacomo Casanova and the philosopher Immanuel Kant. The Georgian Crown Jewels were the regalia and vestments worn by the monarchs of Georgia during the coronation ceremony and at other state functions. Posts about King Heraclius II written by Bassa's Blog. Instead, he married Princess Mkheidze, who died in 1744. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). Very impressive and nice, excellent place to take pictures. Colors of Georgia. More info. [12] In the same decades, the copper coins struck at Tbilisi bore three types of iconography; Christian, Georgian, "and even" Imperial Russian (such as the double-headed eagle). South Ossetia is officially known by Georgia as the Tskinvali region. Faceted Browser ; Sparql Endpoint ; Browse using . The Minecraft Skin, Heraclius II of Georgia, was posted by Erzherzog. They concluded an anti-Persian alliance with the khans of Azerbaijan who were particularly vulnerable to the aggression from Persian warlords and agreed to recognize Heraclius's supremacy in eastern Transcaucasia. Heraclius II (Georgian: ერეკლე II), also known as Erekle II and The Little Kakhetian[1] (Georgian: პატარა კახი [pʼɑtʼɑrɑ kʼɑxi]) (7 November 1720 or 7 October 1721 [according to C. Toumanoff[2]] – 11 January 1798), was a Georgian monarch of the Bagrationi dynasty, reigning as the king of Kakheti from 1744 to 1762, and of Kartli and Kakheti from 1762 until 1798. 2. 1730 – d. Tbilisi, 7 December 1749). He exercised executive, legislative, and judicial authority and closely supervised the activities of government departments. Of his first marriage, Heraclius two children: In 1745 Heraclius remarried Princess Anna née Abashidze (b.

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