As described earlier, if su runs as root, you will not need to enter the target user’s password. I've always been using either sudo or sudo su. By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. The -s switch for “sudo” command reads the $SHELL variable of the current user executing commands. In the various tutorials and instructions I have used on the Internet, I see sudo su, sudo su -, sudo -i and sudo /bin/bash being used to open a root session, but I'm not clear on the difference between these and when or if that difference matters. By clicking “Accept all cookies”, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Ubuntu and Canonical are registered trademarks of Canonical Ltd. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. In this article we will discuss what is the main difference between su and sudo commands. So always confirm your working directory before deleting, editing or setting modes on files. And today I found out that there's also a sudo su - option. With “sudo”, you are still using your user account, but with root privilege, whereas in “su”, you are logged in to the root account. During install there's a section where you can make a password for the root account but if you leave it blank, it instead gives your regular user sudo ability. Regarding path variables, you'll note the output of the 'env' command there to prove that one environment was no more "able" than the other. Your working directory will be /root, and it will read root's.profile etc. Once you’re done running commands in the root shell, you should type exitto leave the root shell and go back to limited-privileges … sudo: allow to run command without root password, just type current user’s password to run. People started tacking sudo in front when Linux distros stopped setting a root password and made sudo the only way to access the root account. The main work of the su command is to let you switch to some other user during a login session. ‘sudo ‘ lets you use your own password to execute system commands i.e., delegates system responsibility without root password. su [username]: some application only allow it’s own user to access it, use “su username” to login and  in order to access/execute/…. The main difference between the two is that su requires the password of the target account, while sudo requires the password of the current user. I really only use Ubuntu through command line and I find my most common use for opening a. SU stands for substitute user and SUDO means substitute DO; although most people incorrectly think that it stands for super user as it is the account that is often used. means the result/exit code of the preceding command. The former stays in the current working directory from which "sudo su" was run. ‘su’ commands forces you to share your root password to other users. This command works as if the user is running sudo /bin/bash. 'sudo su -' has a child of 'su -', and 'su -' has a child of '-su'. Forget sudo su. sudo su vs. sudo su –. Set the password for user1 to user1pw and then try to log in again as user1.. Look at the new records which were created in the /etc/passwd and /etc/group. sudo -s some-command どちらが some-command シェルの下で実行されるかを言うことができます。. The prompt will change from $ to #, indicating you have root access. ‘su’ Vs ‘sudo’ ‘ su ‘ forces you to share your root password to other users whereas ‘ sudo ‘ makes it possible to execute system commands without root password. To see the difference between su and sudo … site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. Though they do contain a lot of new information for me, and thank you for linking to them, I found them not as complete as the answer user chaos below provides, which is much more in line with what I was looking for. In this article, we will discuss in detail the ‘su’ command as well as how it differs from the ‘sudo’ command. New DM on House Rules, concerning Nat20 & Rule of Cool, arXiv article says that code has been made available with the article, but I cannot find it. sudo -i problem - sudo: /bin/bash/asd: command not found, Best practices on using sudo in a bash script. Recommendations for OR video channels (YouTube etc). The -u or --user option for sudo specifies that user. $? Why don't we see the Milky Way out the windows in Star Trek? su will switch you to another user environment will open a session of that user, and you will become that user, it can be root or any other, sudo will upgrade your privileges and let you run commands as root, provided you have the rights, that is you are listed in sudoers file. Sudo là một cơ chế quản lý quyền, phụ thuộc vào /etc/sudoers, xác định người dùng nào được phép thực hiện loại lệnh quản lý nào. The purpose of sudo is to execute a command as another user. application. The sudo su command has similar behavior to su, but it changes which password you have to enter, if any. ending the inner one will let you return back to the outer one. ( Log Out /  application. The && operator means if exit code 0 then "do next command" and the double pipes (||) means else (if not 0) then do this command. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. su is equivalent to sudo -i and simulates a login into the root account. Why no relative pronoun in ἄνθρωπος ἐξηραμμένην ἔχων τὴν χεῖρα? So you are root, but in the environment of the calling user. How to set up passwordless SSH access for root user, Allow any user to use shutdown with my own shell, Losing environment info when using /usr/bin/sudo and /bin/bash. su - username run as root and sudo su - username do not require to know username 's password (as they are run with elevated privileges), while su - username run as a normal user requires to know it. Need root privileges to access files on USB flash drive. This ISS trash deployment looks more like 2 feet than 2 inches per second, was it too fast or are these articles incorrect? ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1817402, State of the Stack: a new quarterly update on community and product, Podcast 320: Covid vaccine websites are frustrating. In the Linux and UNIX environments, you need to use either SU or SUDO in order to gain momentary access to another account, usually the root, while logged on as another. This means that login-specific resource files such as .profile, .bashrc or .login will be read and executed by the shell. For the most Linux distributions, su and sudo are widely used commands. You can see that after switching to root you are still in the same directory: sudo su - This time it is a login shell, so /etc/profile, .profile and .bashrc are executed and you will find yourself in root's home directory with root's environment. How would I go about fitting a window AC into a really wide window? There is no benefit to using sudo su, it's an anachronistic habit from when people were used to using su. What's the difference between 'sudo command' and 'sudo sh command? How is a person residing abroad subject to US law? su lets you switch user so that you're actually logged in as root. Rather than change their habits, they just used sudo su. At least one thing is different between "sudo su" and "sudo su -" The latter changes to root's home directory. SU vs SUDO. Looking on advice about culture shock and pursuing a career in industry. /bin/bash is started as non-login shell so all the dot-files are not executed, but bash itself reads .bashrc of the calling user. Your home will not be root's home. In other words, the tool lets you assume the identity of some other user without having to logout and then login (as that user). In regards to the latter, would it make any difference if I'm trying to do under root: This command requires you to use sudo, which means that the su command will be running as root. sudo -s runs a shell with root privileges. Do I have to relinquish my sign on and passwords for websites pertaining to work (ie: access to insurance companies and medicare)? 基本的にの略記です sudo $SHELL -c some-command 。. You could find some "small" differences in some critical variables: or some difference in ~/. I’ve always wondered this but finally got the answer as to why you should use: $ sudo su -. EG the path is the same in both and yet "sudo su" works but "su" does not. su: run as superuser and have to type superuser’s password to run command. Pros of using sudo: One password to rule them all-- A user must only remember one password: their own. Consider also the ownership of $HOME based logfiles (~/.xsession.errors, etc ...) or xauth cookies (~/.Xauthority) that commands generate. sudo -i It is nearly the same as sudo su - The -i (simulate initial login) option runs the shell specified by the password database entry of the target user as a login shell. sudo - sudo is meant to run a single command with root privileges. If $SHELL contains /bin/bash it invokes sudo /bin/bash (see above). su: run as superuser and have to type superuser’s password to run command. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. But su without any user name will asume the root (super user) account. Thanks for contributing an answer to Ask Ubuntu! So if the echo is 0 = success... 'sudo su -' vs 'sudo -i' vs 'sudo /bin/bash' - when does it matter which is used, or does it matter at all? instead of using: $ sudo su. In most if not all programs 0 means success, 1 or more means fail. Su vs Sudo. Hello! Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Short Bytes: Many of you might be using sudo and su in terminal every day to accomplish different tasks. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. s witch u ser and do this command. While sudo runs a single command with root … sudo su - username does the same as su - username: runs a login shell as username. Now the question is, how can you run sudo. `sudo su` changes the values of USER, HOME, and SHELL to that of the root user. run a php script: su www-data /usr/share/script.php or just su www-data for interactive shell. Also, it is more "correct" to say that su stands for switch user, rather than super user. Both commands are run as "my user" and su'd … When adding the ‘-‘ character to the end of this command, you are also put into the PATH of the superuser. Are there examples of finite-dimensional complex non-semisimple non-commutative symmetric Frobenius algebras? I recently installed Debian in VirtualBox. No dedicated root account-- As discussed above, this can be a lot safer. Sudo can be configured to blacklist or whitelist specific commands for each user. Both su and sudo elevate privileges assigned to the current user. sudo, su và su- có những khác biệt về cách sử dụng trong Linux Lệnh sudo. ( Log Out /  su - The command su is used to switch to another user (s witch u ser), but you can also switch to the root user by invoking the command with no parameter. This allows Unix users to access and authenticate to a system with a personal account and escalate privileges to superuser or root to run privileged commands. syntax sudo command i.e. The major differences between su and sudo are as follows: sudo allows any command to be run as a trailing parameter, not just the user's shell. What is the mathematical meaning of the plus sign (+) in chemical reaction equations? However there was always the need to separate privileges and leave some auditing info behind. Difference between “su”, “sudo -s”, “sudo -i”. This makes administrative tasks a lot simpler, and much more convenient. Can I simply use multiple turbojet engines to fly supersonic? ( Log Out /  Watch the full course at https://www.udacity.com/course/ud299 This video is part of the Udacity course "Configuring Linux Web Servers". su is unnecessary; sudo -s is equivalent to sudo su, but allows the admin to restrict who may sudo to whom, for which programs, and so on. Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Therefore, it is much safer to use sudo since it doesn’t include exchanging sensitive information. A shell is then executed. But in that case, I do not see any advantage in using the fat sudo over the tiny su - (and no surprises in case the sudo configuration is a bit different from what you assumed it is). Định dạng lệnh là: sudo vs su. It mostly answers my questions, so I went ahead and marked the question answered, but I'm not understanding when it is desirable to run a particular shell. sudo can also be passed the -i parameter to open an interactive shell, effectively emulating the functionality of su . Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Change ), [JAVA] primitive array to boxed(object) array to list, vice versa, Regular ASCII Chart (character codes 0 – 127), Data structures and Algorithms cheat sheet. Source: Man page. @RaduRădeanu When I typed the question in I reviewed the suggested questions and none of those really addressed my complete question. You’ll have to enter the root account’s password. What is ‘su’ command? Chaos - "shopt -q login_shell && echo 'Login shell' || echo 'No login shell'" These kinds of suggestions I see often, but why make it so long? rev 2021.3.12.38768. This developer built a…, Policy Change Proposal: “End of Standard Support” for ESM releases is…. “sudo” stands for “ superuser do ” and it allows you to elevate your current user account to have root privilege temporarily. su asks you for the password of the user to switch, after typing the password you switched to the user's environment. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. sudo -i also acquires the root user's environment. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. To explain this you need to know what the programs do: sudo su Calls sudo with the command su. Ask Ubuntu is a question and answer site for Ubuntu users and developers. su used to be the de facto way of becoming root on Linux systems. If you execute the su bobcommand, you’ll be prompted to enter Bob’s password and the shell will switch to Bob’s user account. sudo su – : using current user password to login superuser and without superuser’s password required. Understanding the behavior of C's preprocessor when a macro indirectly expands itself, Postdoc in China. Can't I just add them to the “root” group? @chaos Thank you for this excellent answer! The su command switches to the super user – or root user – when you execute it with no additional options. This means that unlike a command like sudo -i or sudo su, the system will not read any environmental files. Ubuntu and some other distros allow sudo by default. 代わりに、コマンドをシェルの標準入力に渡すことができます（例：） sudo -s … The su utility requests appropriate user credentials via PAM and switches to that user ID (the default user is the superuser). sudo su and sudo su --Well in Ubuntu (im assuming you are using it) sudo su - gives you super user privlages for that account to make changes to and such. dotfiles handling (~/.config). Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. I.e. Quite clearly, 'sudo' is a better alternative between the two as far as security is concerned.

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